Parenting Diana Baumrind Theory - 648 Words

Many people do not notice how cruel a parent can be with their kids. Many dont take the time to see how a parent is truly. Most parents dont realize how their parenting methods affect their childs development. Most parents dont realize how bad or good of a parent they are. Many of them dont see that their kids imitate the methods they use to discipline their kids. In fact there are many types of different beliefs of parents. But there are certain people who observe the children’s behavior. Because sometimes people can notice how well the child’s needs are met physically and emotionally based on their behavior. The parent’s behavior reflects in the children’s behavior. Diana Baumrind graduated in 1948 at the University of California. She earned an AB in philosophy and in psychology. A few years later she earned the MA for developmental, clinical, and social psychology in 1951 than a few years later earned a PhD in 1955.Diana worked at the Berkeley’ s institute of human development. Diana Baumrind directed the socialization and developmental project. Later on in Diana’s career she focused a lot on the parental styles. Diana was really interested in the development of the child’s based on how well their needs where met. She came up in a theory that there are four different kinds of parenting styles. Diana Baumrind came up with the baumrind theory of parenting styles. She believed that here where four different types of parenting styles. The first parentingShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology859 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout long history of psychology, there are many brilliant and remarkable psychologists who grew psychology longing as 21st century, today. They have contributed many theories, ideas, and experiments that made study of human mind and behavior much more noble and interesting. As psychology grow older and older, there are many different types of branches that were created, such as psychoanalysis, behavior, cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental. Each branches have changed way society worksRead MoreDiana Baumrind2963 Words   |  12 PagesDiana Blumberg Baumrind is a clinical and developmental psychologist that specializes in parenting styles. Baumrind was born on August 23, 1927 in a small Jewish community in New York City; she was the first of two daughters born to Hyman and Mollie Blumberg. Baumrind earned a B.A. in philosophy at Hunter College in 1948. She later received her M.A. and Ph. D. in Psychology at the University of California, Berkley; she studied developmental, clinical, and social psychology. Her doctoral dissertationRead MoreChild Development Is An Inevitable Process For All Children1033 Words   |  5 Pagessame time. Child development is contingent on (but not solely) the way in which a parent decides to raise his/her child. A parent can decide to raise a child using one of the following parenting style techniques: authoritarian, autho ritative, permissive-indulgent and permissive-uninvolved. With the four parenting style techniques aforementioned, a parent has the power to impact the process of child development. Child development is an inevitable process for all children. A â€Å"successful† child is determinedRead MoreErik Erikson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development1318 Words   |  6 Pagesabout two different theories that are found in developmental psychology and how those two theories has affected my life. The two theories that I will be discussing is Erik Erikson’s ‘Stages of Psychosocial development’ theory and Diana Baumrinds ‘Parenting Styles’. Stages of Psychosocial development Erik Erikson’s theory emphasizes the search for identity during the adolescent years (Feldman, 2013). His ideas were greatly influenced by Freud, going along with Freud’s (1923) theory regarding the structureRead MoreHow Does A Parent Decide Their Caregiving Style1516 Words   |  7 Pagespreferred parenting style as it may depend on the child or the parent themselves. Many have researched the topic of parenting styles, but one psychologist s findings in particular have continued to build the groundwork of this topic. â€Å"[Diana] Baumrind found that parents differed in four important dimensions: 1. Expressions of warmth... Strategies of discipline... Communication... Expectations of maturity† (Berger, 2014, p.287). Baumrind help to define three of the four main parenting styles thatRead MoreParenting Styles : A Parenting Style And Made A New System For Classifying Parents848 Words   |  4 Pagesthem the rules of life by using a specific parenting style. A pa renting style is a psychological concept based on regular strategies that parents use while raising their children. Parenting is a complicated occupation that requires many different skills that work in concert to influence a child’s behavior. Parental responsibilities start after the birth of the first child, and they impact the child’s overall life. Parents usually develop their parenting styles based on their cultures. This situationRead More Erik Erikson’s Stages of Child Development Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesErikson’s developmental theory, five occur between birth and twenty years old that affect a child’s development greatly. Every person throughout life experiences each stage within Erikson’s theory whether the outcome is negative or positive however, if the outcome is negative the next stage cannot occur. Urie Bronfenbrenner proposed an ecological theory that focuses on the social contexts in which children and their influences live (Santrock 71). Bronfenbrenner’s theory contains five environmentalRead MoreParenting and Education During Early Childhood Essay example2060 Words   |  9 PagesParenting and Education during early childhood Psy/280 Jan 4, 2012 Tra Ahia Parenting and Education during early childhood This paper will discuss various forms of caregivers, parenting styles, and early childhood education. Topics covered are: †¢ Evaluate the different types of parenting styles and their influence on development during infancy and early childhood. †¢ Compare and contrast at least two different kinds of caregivers and the positive and/or negativeRead MoreParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1545 Words   |  7 Pageshave found patterns in parenting styles and their effects on children. Parenting isn’t only a collection of skills, rules, and tricks of the trade (Lloyd, Carol. 2012)†, it defines who you become, reflects your culture and represents values important in a family. Parenting style has a long term impact on a child’s development, success and outlook on life. The three styles of parenting are permissive parenting/hands-off parenting , authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting .Studies revealed thatRead MoreA Childs Attachment, And Their Effects On Childrens Personality1309 Words   |  6 PagesAbundant research has been conducted with reference to parenting, attachment, and their effects on a child’s personality. The most notable research is credited to Mary Ai nsworth, John Bowlby, and Harry Harlow. These behavioral scientists summarize that a child’s attachment style coupled with the parenting style of a caregiver can have long-term effects that are capable of impacting a child’s behavior and personality. John Bowlby was a British psychoanalyst, medical doctor, and war veteran credited

Roman Empire History The Battle of Teutoburg Forest

I. Introduction The Battle of Teutoburg Forest was a critical battle in the history of the Roman Empire and in the formation of the German state. This battle took place during the reign of Augustus in 9 AD during the time of the Roman Empire expansion. The fall of the Romans in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest was the consequence of several mistakes and strategic blunders by the Roman general Varus and his superiors in Rome. This paper will outline these mistakes as well as the strategic advantages that Arminius exploited on behalf of the Germanic tribes that successfully pushed back the Romans from the forest. The defeat at Teutoburg devastated the Roman emperor Augustus, who, as a result, lost his willpower to pursue the continued†¦show more content†¦However, the Roman infantry and cavalry were extraordinarily well-disciplined and were in excellent physical condition.viiiI6, Although their men were in great physical shape, their uniforms were typically made of metal and had breast plates w hich are very cumbersome. In addition to the unfortunate uniforms, each Roman soldier carried forty pounds of equipment, which included spears, gladiuses (short two-sided swords that were used for thrusting, slashing, blocking, and parrying), and shields.ixI7 The Roman shields (aka. scutum) were heavy and covered most of the soldiers body. The German fighters consisted of about twenty to thirty thousand able-bodied freemen and ten thousand auxiliaries.xA2 While they lacked the formal discipline of the Roman army, their minimal heavy weapons and intimate knowledge of the terrain made the Germans better suited to fight in the forest.xiA2xiiG1 They wore limited armor, typically made of leather for ease of moving.xiiiG3 Some of their weapons included large swords, axes, shields, and large broadswords.xivI9 The German shields were light, and were used primarily for deflecting their opponents’ weapons as opposed to covering their entireShow MoreRelatedHistory of Germany to Present Day665 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Germany has a long and eventful history, which inevitably intersects with the past in neighboring countries. The history of Germany is complex and varies with the geographical and historical boundaries within which we consider the territory and the ethno genesis of the German people. As that nation-state, Germany has only existed since 1871. Before that date, however, there was a Germanic world with some variable consistency at different times, linguistically, culturally, and sometimesRead MoreThe Roman Empire And The Romans1815 Words   |  8 PagesIn Roman history, it is often true that history was written by the victors, and given the large expansion of the Roman Empire, the Romans likely wrote over the accounts of the civilizations they took over, adapting the new provinces into their way of life and assimilating Roman culture into new facets of outlying territories way of life. The Roman Empire and Augustus had the ambition to expand north, going east of the Rhine where they ha d never gone, to take over new territory and the tribes thatRead MoreFamous German People Essay3261 Words   |  14 Pagesdied in 21 AD in Germania. He was forty at his time of death. Arminius lived during the Roman Occupation. When Arminius was a boy he lived in Rome as a hostage, where he had received a military education, and obtained Roman citizenship as well as the status of petty noble before returning to Germania and driving the Romans out. When Arminius returned to northern Germania in about 7-8 AD, the Roman Empire had founded safe rule just east of the Rhine River, and along the Lippe and Main Rivers

Knowledge Organisation and Learning Free Essays

1. Introduction The medical industry today has transformed in recent years as a result of the inclining demography scale. This has led the government to rethink of the country’s healthcare expenditures whether they are able to meet with the demand to the health and medical industry (Group 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Organisation and Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pinnacle hospital is structured with a holistic healthcare features that will be establish with the most advance technologies and high standard of service to patients, locals and overseas. Moving towards the growing ageing populations, the main emphasize will be on enforcing of the health awareness of the public. . Objective The team objective is to identify the future knowledge workers role and skills requirement so as to be a successful workers in future 2020. 3. PESTEL Analysis in year 2020 In analysing the external environment, the team has applied using the PESTEL tool to analyse each of the components of the external environment and identify the changes that will be establish in 2020. 3. 1) Political factors In 2020, the government will be spending approximately $10 million per year on healthcare. Higher subsidies granted to lower-income families with illness. Furthermore, the government have also planned to ramp up the infrastructure and manpower by recruiting 20,000 healthcare workers and 3,700 hospital beds, creating more jobs opening (HSA 2007-2011). Government will also look into working closely with private hospital on bed leasing (source: MOH healthcare 2020 Masterplan). 3. 2) Economic factors Population will increase, hence, the standard of living will increase as well. The government remains stable and provides strong support in funding capitals to healthcare sector that attracts more foreigners to opt for medical advice in Singapore and higher recruitment (Channelnewsasia, 2013). . 3) Social Issues such as more ageing population in 2020, with over 25% of its population above the age of 65 years old, parallel to several other developed countries around the world that has a distended grey population. As more foreigners are coming into Singapore, Singapore will be a multi racial country with English as a common language that is univ ersally recognize. 3. 4) Technological In future, new invention will be coming in, thus, the technology will be advancing. There will be robotic system to assist in surgeon for effective and efficient surgery. Furthermore, there will be web-cam system installed for the patients to interact with their love ones. Patients may monitor their health condition simply with an affordable personal pocket size device consist of sensors, actuators and mechanisms. It also helps to alarm the hospital in any case of emergency instead of reaching a phone to dial for emergency. 3. 5) Ecology In 2020, solar panels will be able to substitute the usage of electricity. Implementing the solar energy system will be useful to conserve energy and save high cost of electrical maintenance for the hospital. Organics products will be use instead of chemical content to patients with allergy. 3. 6) Legal More Act to implement the control, licensing and inspection of private hospitals, medical clinics, clinical laboratories and healthcare establishments (Attorney General’s Chambers, 2011). 4. Current Roles and Knowledge The team has selected four of the major roles in Pinnacle hospital to analyze their skill and knowledge acquired to comply with the duties they handle. They are: the Doctors, Nurses, Operation Manager and Customer Relation Executive. 4. 1) Doctors The doctors are expertise in their medical field as they are required to diagnose the patients’ illness and vital to make complex decisions. Moreover, doctors are trained and required to be skillful and knowledgeable in handling major/minor op surgery. 4. 2) Nurses Nurses have many multiple roles in the hospital. They are to perform the role of assisting the doctors in surgery, checking of patient’s records, being a caretaker and passing of information to both doctors and patients. They also have to handle some minor cases of patients such as washing wounds and injection. Therefore, nurses have to obtain these basic skills in their medical practice. 4. 3) Operation Manager Operation manager are mainly in-charge on policy change and ensure effective communication and collaboration among departments. In addition, operation manager have to ensure there is enough resources in the hospital and make sure the hospital is running smoothly. 4. 4) Customer Relation Officer For a Customer Relation Officer, they are required to help to manage the front desk with various admin support and enquiries from the patients. They also have to collect information and data of the patient’s problems and concern. 5. Future Roles and Knowledge Acquiring skills for the following roles in the year 2020: 5. 1) Doctors Technology seems to be advanced in year 2020. Robots will be the doctors’ assistants in operation theatre, which will enhance the efficiency of the surgeon. In any case of technical fault, the doctors will be the one to fix the problem. Therefore, the doctors are required to obtain new skills in technology so as to fix the minor problem of the robot if anything goes wrong. Basic knowledge in operating of the robot is necessary. It is to ensure that the robots are in good condition to assist the doctors in surgeon smoothly. 5. 2) Nurses Nurses are formerly assistance to doctor to retrieve patient’s record and in Op theater. In 2020, ?With centralized database, nurses are to train to use the system effectively to obtain patients’ record ? Cloud-based text messaging system that nurses will have to send out update the status of patient undergoing surgery to family or friends to reduce the waiting time. Nurses will learn to communicate with patients via online consultation web with patient’s family members who well-versed in IT to ensure correct details are conveyed and no error made. 5. 3) Operations Manager Currently, routine check will all be taken over with centralised method and will be fully automatic via sensors system. Mini tracking device will be issued to patients whom admitted to hospitals. Moreover, they will require maintai ning and tracking the patients’ attendance and do arrangement for land transfers for overseas Patients. 5. ) Customer Relations Officer In Customer Relations Officer, most commonly the officers face with communication barrier. In 2020, these cases will be resolved via the following: ? officers has to be train to be more linguistic as more foreigners are expected to seek medical help ? Officers can be train to educate patients on the use of e-booking online as it reduce waiting time and crowding the holding area. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, the demographic graph is inclining towards ageing population as such it is necessary to create more health awareness. With advance technology implemented in hospital, each staff are required to attend the training according to the skills they acquired to be hands-on with centralized database system and able to assist more patients from overseas whom are seeking medical advice in Singapore. It is hoped that Singapore could become a world-class originator of innovative, aged-friendly technology, products and devices. The ageing issue requires the integration and strategic alignment of new technologies, personal responsibility and public policy. How to cite Knowledge Organisation and Learning, Essay examples

Systematic Literature Of Leadership Theory -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Systematic Literature Of Leadership Theory? Answer: Introducation It is essential to study organizational behavior as it helps to understand the behavior of the individual. Organizational behavior assists to study about the complex nature of the individuals who are conducting their day to day activities of the organization. It is evaluated that organization itself is a place where individual interacts and conduct the activities in a smooth way. Organizational behavior is one of the interdisciplinary fields that take into consideration psychology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. The overall success of the company is based on proper management of its people. The behavior of the individual is governed by various ideas, feelings, and activities of the organization. For proper management of the people in the organization, it is essential to consider the requirements (Hauser, 2014.). Since the behavior of the human can be different from the each other and it is not possible to consider unique solutions for the problems that are prevailing in the organization. This is the only reason that psychological and social aspects are considered so that the solutions can be made by focusing on the issues of the organization. There are many workers who are compassionate and also assist to support the work culture. The selfless attitude can give the positive outcome of the worker's faith in the management and also the satisfaction level towards the operations of the company. It is evaluated that if the employee does not trust the management can give impact on the working activities of the organization. Organizational culture takes into consideration the values, beliefs, vision, and principles of the employees. The behavior of the employees is directly impacted by the work culture and also it can give positive or negative impact (Bauman and Skitka, 2012). If there is a supportive culture at work then it can encourage and create a good environment for the organization. When the individuals are encouraged then the confidence level can be enhanced and the ideas of the employees can give a positive outcome in an effective manner. It is seen that workers can gain a proper understanding of the company if proper information is given to them. There are various factors that help to promote organizational behavior like encouragement, self-actualization. Management should consider the driving forces to stimulate the behavior and also to try the factors in the work culture (Olafsen et al., 2015). The employees of the organization can be promoted by promotions, incentives, and rewards. If the employees are not dedicated towards the work then it can give impact on the rewarding culture of the company. Also, the individual will lose interest in their work if they are not rewarded and recognized. Organizational behavior is related to the behavior of the people and also considers the factor that gives impact on the behaviors. It is important to understand the behavior of the individual constituting the company so that the work can be figured out easily. Management has to understand the reason for problematic behavior within the organization so that it can be minimized easily. Human behavior can be influenced by considering the information of the organizational behavior. Job designing should be according to the qualification of the employees so that they can conduct the activities of the organization smoothly. When the employees are hired it is necessary to analyze their capability so that they can conduct the activities accordingly. It gives focus on minimizing the conflicts of the workers and also helps to achieve the goals of the organization. In Cognitive theory, there are two motivators. One is intrinsic and the other is extrinsic that focuses on enhancing the motivation level of the employees. Intrinsic motivators are concerned with the responsibility and competence. It has a connection with the performance of the employees and also considers the interest of the workers (Maslow, 2015).Extrinsic motivator has a connection with the pay and working environment of the organization. Intrinsically employees who are motivated operate the activities according to the satisfaction level and rewards of the employees. It is seen that to conduct the activities it is important to conduct the operations by considering the working environment of the organization (Bello, 2012). Intrinsic motivator helps to minimize the level of motivation of the intrinsic motivator. Job Satisfaction also helps to increase the overall performance of the employees. It is evaluated that if the worker is satisfied with the activities then dedication can be increased among the employees who are conducting the activities. By taking into consideration satisfaction level of the employees Maslow hierarchy will be discussed to analyze the requirements for the employees (Kaur, 2013). Self-actualization on the working environment considers training, growth, and creativity. Esteem needs take into consideration high status and the responsibilities to conduct the activities of the organization. Safety needs focus on work and job safety. So it is essential to take into consideration the requirements of the employees so that they feel motivated and happy. Every employee of the organization has some expectation from the companies. So it is important to fulfill the expectation level of the em ployee's so that they can give their best to conduct the activities of the organization (Healy, 2016). "SMART GOAL" theory considers the managers of the organization so that they can give proper directions to the employees. It is seen that if the organization want to achieve success in the market, then goals should be set according to the employees. If goal setting theory is analyzed then it is seen that dissatisfaction can be minimized of the employees (Men, 2014). Theory X and Y analyze the satisfaction level of the employees. Theory X focuses on monetary advantages and Y reflects the independence of the employees. The employees who consider the theory X is lazy and the theory Y employees increase the goodwill of the company. The companies take into consideration theory X and Y so that positive results can be achieved (Leder et al., 2016). It is important for the top managers to give emphasis on the overall objectives of the company so that the operations can be conducted smoothly. It is the duty of the employees to conduct the activities of the organization with dedication and responsibility so that goals can be attained. The working environment of the company should be positive so that the opportunity can be grabbed. The operations of the company should be simple so that the good results can be achieved (Korschun et al., 2014). By giving emphasis on the paper, it is analyzed that the theories of organizational behavior helps the companies to operate the activities smoothly. The workers who are given task should be according to the interest and also the employees should give focus on achieving the opportunity prevailing in the company. Growth is essential for the employees, so that can survive for a long time in the market. Managers should be dedicated to allocate the work according to capability and interest of the employees (Zeb et al., 2014). It is essential for the workers to achieve goals so that good position can be attained. To influence the behavior of the employees the company considers the organizational behavior so that the employee's reaction can be changed according to the policies and procedures of the company. Management can also consider the management so that the conflicts can be minimized. There are also various measures like perks and promotions that assist to create a good workplace that impacts the performance of the employees in a positive manner. The organization can only achieve success by evaluating the organizational behavior. Organization behavior theories are important so that the activities can be conducted smoothly with efficiency (Parris and Peachey, 2013). Relationship of the employees is also important to be maintained so that productive performance can be attained easily. To increase the employee's motivation level it is important to consider the factor related to the personality of the employees. If the proper relation is there in the organization then the activities of the organization can be managed easily. Organization profits can also be attained if there is proper flow of activities in the organization. So, it is important for the managers to focus on the employee's so that they can give their best to accomplish the objective of the organization. Also, the top management should give focus on the working pattern of the employees so that growth of the organization can be maintained in the market. It is essential for the employees to create target so that the objectives can be achieved in an effective manner. It is essential for the workers to create proper target so that the objectives can be accomplished. It is analyzed that the employees should be confidence in conducting the activities of the organization so that the task can be completed efficiently. It is also important for the organization to consider the theories like X and Y theory, Herzberg's theory, Goal setting theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs. References Bauman, C.W. and Skitka, L.J., 2012. Corporate social responsibility as a source of employee satisfaction.Research in Organizational Behavior,32, pp.63-86. Bello, S.M., 2012. Impact of ethical leadership on employee job performance.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(11). Hauser, L., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior.Economics, Management and Financial Markets,9(4), p.239. Healy, K., 2016. A Theory of Human Motivation by Abraham H. Maslowreflection.The British Journal of Psychiatry,208(4), pp.313-313. Kaur, A., 2013. Maslows need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(10), pp.1061-1064. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Leder, S., Newsham, G.R., Veitch, J.A., Mancini, S. and Charles, K.E., 2016. Effects of office environment on employee satisfaction: a new analysis.Building Research Information,44(1), pp.34-50. Maslow, A.H., 2015. A theory of human motivation.Classics of Organization Theory,50, p.142. Men, L.R., 2014. Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction.Management Communication Quarterly,28(2), pp.264-284. Olafsen, A.H., Halvari, H., Forest, J. and Deci, E.L., 2015. Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation.Scandinavian journal of psychology,56(4), pp.447-457. Parris, D.L. and Peachey, J.W., 2013. A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), pp.377-393. Zeb, A., Rehman, S., Saeed, G. and Ullah, H.A., 2014. Study of the Relationship between Reward and Recognition and employees Job Satisfaction: A Literature Review.Abasyn Journal Of Social Sciences,7(2), pp.278-291.

Animosity and Affirmative Action

Animosity and Affirmative Action Affirmative Action are two words that can bring up an emotional debate on the validity of this policy. Affirmative Action are measures taken to allow minorities equal rights when it comes to being hired for a job or being promoted within a job. As its intended, Affirmative Action means that people from a particular group should enjoy special consideration or benefits when it comes to job placement. Im going to use firefighting as an example. Affirmative Action is the cause of difficulties in the firefighting hiring process. Because of the large number of minority applicants, including woman, getting hired as a firefighter is becoming increasingly difficult to accomplish for the white male because of the outdated Affirmative Action policy. As with many other outdated policies, Affirmative Action should be re-evaluated and possibly dismissed.Because our country is becoming so diverse, it is increasingly more difficult for companies, such as fire departments, who seek qualified employee s to maintain the Affirmative Action guidelines.Affirmative actionThere are just as many, if not more minorities in this country now than when Affirmative Action was established back in 1962. This policy is increasing the difficulties of hiring as many white male applicants than minority applicants.One example why Affirmative Action should be re-considered or dismissed is safety. Safety is the most important factor when training a firefighter. The civil service exam exists to evaluate the thinking process of applicants when it comes to safety among other things; therefore, someone who scores low on this exam could be compromising the safety of other firefighters on the job. Because fire departments have to hire one minority for every white male, they are forced to hire minority applicants who score a 72 percent on the exam versus white male applicants who score 100 percent. The result of hiring...

Defining the active voice - Emphasis

Defining the active voice Defining the active voice You might have heard its a good idea to favour the active voice in your writing – its generally tighter and more dynamic than using the passive voice. But what exactly do we mean by active and passive anyway? The active voice puts the doer of the action described (in grammar terms, the agent) first. This tends to sound natural and clear, and it leaves no information hidden. For example: The cat had stolen the dogs dinner. Here the doer (the cat) is stated before the action (had stolen). Now look at this sentence: The dogs dinner had been stolen by the cat. This is the passive voice: the action comes before the doer. In fact, the sentence would still make sense if you removed by the cat, which would leave everyone wondering who had stolen the poor dogs food. The passive voice can be used cynically to disguise who performed an action, which can produce a somewhat opaque and suspect piece of writing. And be careful not to use it habitually – doing so weighs down writing and makes it sound a bit bureaucratic and dull.

BPR - What does it means to organization who are underperforming Assignment

BPR - What does it means to organization who are underperforming - Assignment Example These are the key issues to be dealt with when doing BPR for an underperforming firm. IT is one of the means through which BPR can be achieved ; it is not an end itself. (Guy Doumeingts) The ERP package is there to help the BPR process. Many firms equate BPR with the implementation of the ERP software. This is where IT becomes a hurdle rather than a support for BPR. The software should be molded to suit the business processes. The processes and their outcomes are the important thing which needs to be re-organized by the firm; the software is not the important thing. When the latter assumes more importance and technical experts rather than functional people are made in charge of the BPR process IT becomes a hurdle and BPR fails. Misfit of the ERP package selected with the business processes – Vicro’s business processes were highly customer specific. The ERP package was a misfit to these processes and thus further denigrated performance. BPR equated with the software – Vicro made no efforts to actually focus on the business processes and re-engineer them. Its entire focus was on the software implementation. The implementation of this software was accepted to improve the processes as well which never happened. Make Business people owner of the change – Instead of the ERP package being forced by vendors from outside, functional people of the company who run the business should have been made owner of the processes and the vendor responsible to them. Get Universal Buy in – In order to reduce employee’s resistance to change proper education should have been provided to them regarding the implementation and the benefits from it. Their suggestions and feedback should have been taken. Proper Requirement Definition – ERP implementation was made as the major aim by Vicro. This was an improper requirement. The main aim should have been to improve the

FINAL EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FINAL EXAM - Essay Example According to the declaration of independence, all people are equal and created free. As such, they have the same natural rights. Thus, legitimate governments should be formed by the approval of the people who are being governed. Consequently, these legitimate governments should therefore secure and guard these rights. The declaration of independence brought to the fore a unanimous decision made by thirteen colonies to dis engage themselves from Britain. However, the most significant element of the declaration of independence since its inception was its declaration that political legitimacy was determined by people. As such, it appealed and advocated for equal rights for all people. Therefore, the meaning of the declaration of independence transcends both circumstances and time. The declaration of independence possesses three vital parts; the preamble, a list of accusations/charges brought against Britain’s king George II and the conclusion. Although the document justifies a re volutionary war, its bases its arguments on universal reason which are in line with laws of nature and of nature’s God. Additionally, the arguments respect opinions of people. The document is guided by its basic principles which include: self-evident truths; the document bases the American government on some self-evident truths like human equality and other unalienable rights. Self-evident truths transcend time, nations and circumstances. Secondly, rights of the people are acknowledged to produce legal governments. Thus, race, heredity, religion or wealth cannot justify government legitimacy. Equality is another third principle of the document. American government is basically about liberty and rights. However, these rights originate from all men being equal. Fourth, the purpose of happiness implies that a legitimate government should guard the unalienable rights such as liberty and life. Human happiness implies that the person or people live their lives to

Enterprise Information Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Enterprise Information Architecture - Essay Example Data security helps maintain privacy of data. There are a number of data security technologies to support this process. They are as follows: The topic of my research paper is Enterprise Information Architecture that strategically brings together the information architecture of the organization in a well-documented and logical manner. EAI integrates the information architecture of within an organization in such a way that the organization wide elements of goals, objectives, strategic plans etc also encompass within the architecture.1 EAI aims to provide an architectured environment to the organization that delivers high quality, system integration, time saving and reduction in costs. This aim is achieved by EAI by eradicating or reducing data redundancy within the operational systems, eradicating or reducing process redundancy within the operational systems, and by minimizing the complexity of extracting data from the operational environment into the data warehouse environment. The EAI is often known as a vehicle that provides a road map to development of an architectured environment. The EIA has three sub-architectures and they are as follows: Business architecture: This includes corporate data model (business oriented and integrated view of the data that is important to the organization), function model (decomposes the core business functions performed within the organization), interaction model (a matrix that shows which data is updated, deleted or important), current systems model (inventory of current systems implemented within the organization). Technical architecture: This depicts the existing and desired technical environment of the organization. It also includes an inventory of the systems of the existing technical environment as well. Organization architecture: This reveals the processes from the function model that are performed by each unit within the organization. It also shows the organizational structure but at a higher level. Below is the breakdown of the EIA:Enterprise information architecture is a model that has four levels and they are as follows: Physical level: This level encompasses the computer hardware of the organization, network interface, telecommunication facilities and the LANs that support the intranet and extranet. Previously systems in organizations used to be monolithic and centralized but now they are more decentralized and distributed in the form of client/server, network-based computer systems etc. Information level: This level is concerned with the information of the organization like databases, model bases, knowledge bases and metabases. This

Rationale and legal significance case

Rationale and legal significance case Introduction Equity will not perfect an imperfect gift, this maxim from Milroy (1862) had been recognized as the strict rule that apply to the area of law related to the transfer of a gift. Judges and the legal profession had adopted this rule for many years. Nonetheless, this rigid requirement had been relaxed after the decision in Pennington (2002). In the followings, I will discuss the rationale and the legal significance of this case. Decision in Chancery Division Before the case went to the Court of Appeal, Judge Howarth (Judge of Chancery Division) held that Mr. Pennington was not the companys agent. He held that the gift of 400 shares became effective when Ada executed the share transfer form and there was no legal requirement for the form to be delivered to the donee /company. He also held that the breach of article 8(B) did not render the gift ineffective. Two of the beneficiaries appealed to the Court of Appeal on the points that: (1) Doctrine in Re Rose should be applied and the transfer form should be delivered to the donee/ company prior to the donors death. (2)And the transfer breached a pre-emption clause in article 8(B); (3) The donor could not be said to have done everything in her power to effect the transfer[1]. Decision of Court of Appeal The court unanimously dismissed the case, but for different reasons.[2] The summary of the judgment and reasoning will be discussed below. Arden LJs 1st Judgement The pre-emption provisions in the article 8(B) of the company did not prevent Adas share to be transferred to Harold. Reasoning Article 8(B) required a sale notice to be given. No sale notice was served on the company under article 8(B). Therefore, it appeared that Ada, Harold and Pennington were unaware of the pre- emption provisions in the article 8(B) of the company. 2nd Judgment It would be unconscionable for Ada or her personal representatives not to transfer the shares to Harold Reasoning There were 6 facts in this circumstances that give rise to the judgment : (1) Ada had made the gift of her own free will; (2) Ada had told Harold about the gift; (3) Ada had signed a form of transfer; (4) Ada had delivered the form of transfer to Mr. Pennington for him to secure registration; (5) Mr. Pennington had told Harold that there was no action that he need to take and Harold had not questioned this assurance[3]; (6) Harold agreed to become a director of the company without limit of time, which he could not do without shares being transferred to him.[4] The general rule was that Equity will not assist a volunteer [5], but AdrenLJ relied on the judgment in Choithram Although equity will not aid a volunteer, it will not strive officiously to defeat a gift,[6] and hence prefect the transfer of the shares in equity. She believed that in the above circumstances, where donors conscience was affected and it would be unconscionable and contrary to the principles of equity to allow Ada to resile. 3rd Judgment Delivery of the share transfer before her death was unnecessary so far as perfection of the gift was concerned. Reasoning Although Re Rose required the stock transfer form to be handed over to the donee, she did not think that the ratio always requires a delivery of the share transfer form to the donee,[7] and this requirement can be dispensed with in some circumstances. In this circumstance, there was a clear finding that Ada had a clear intention to make an immediate gift. The requirement of actual delivery could be dispensed with. Moreover, Adren LJ adopted the principle of benevolent construction to construct Mr Pennington as an agent for Harold for the purpose of submitting the share transfer to the company.[8] Therefore, traditional requirements of Re Rose were thus satisfied.[9] Clarke LJs The judgment of Clarke LJ seems to be different from that given by AdrenLJ. The main difference in the judgment will be explained below: Judgment Ada had executed a valid transfer of the equitable title with the result that Ada had retained the legal title as trustee.[10] The execution of a stock transfer form can have effect as an equitable assignment without the necessity of a transfer or delivery of the form Reasoning ClarkeLJ held that when Ada executed the stock transfer form, she had passed the beneficial interest to Harold. She would then hold the legal interest in the shares on trust for Harold until registration in Harolds name. Although the strict rule was that the donor must have done everything possible to effect the transfer of his equitable interest. But he believed the maxim cannot be absolutely true since there is always something more that the donor could have done. ClarkeLJ believed there was no need of a transfer/ delivery, since even Ada had delivered the transfer form to Harold, she could have done more by making a specific request to the company to register the shares in Harolds name. Moreover, there was nothing in the Stock Transfer Act 1963 s.1 which suggested that delivery was necessary to effect the transfer. Therefore ClarkeLJ believed that Ada had done everything possible thing possible to effect the transfer for the followings reasons: (1)Ada had executed the correct share transfer form; (2) Ada had given it to Pennington; (3) Ada had not thought it necessary to take any further steps to effect the transfer to Harold, and if she had been asked to do so, she would have done it; (4) Ada had not at any stage intended to reserve a right to withdraw the form; (5) The shares that she intended to give to Harold during her lifetime did not form any part of the subject matter of her will. Controversial This case is regarded as being controversial since ArdenLJ adopted two innovative ideas to perfect the transfer even without actual delivery of the share transfer form; they are (1) Unconscionability Test and (2) Benevolent Principles of Construction. The idea of unconscionability come from the decision of Choithram that if in the circumstances, the donors conscience is affected and it would be unconscionable and contrary to the principle of equity to allow the donor to resile from the gift. But in the judgment of ArdenLJ, she didnt give any concrete explanation of what will satisfy the requirement of unconscionability nor give any guideline. Arden LJ explained that the constitution of unconscionability is solely relied on the finding from the facts and depended on the interpretation of the court. Particularly, Harold did not show any evidence of detrimental reliance in order to fulfill the test. Therefore the requirement of what will satisfy the Unconscionability Test is blurred and depends on the discretion of the court. In Milroy, the court will not give a benevolent construction as to treat ineffective words of outright gift as taking effect as if the donor had declared himself a trustee for the donee.[11] But Arden LJ adopt the principle of benevolent construction on the meaning of words This requires no action on your part used by Pennington in writing to Harold and she constructed the words as meaning that Ada and, through her, Pennington became agent for Harold for the purpose of submitting the share transfer to the company. ArdenLJ did not give any guideline on the principle of benevolent construction, such as what will satisfy the requirement of benevolent construction; and when will the court adopts the usage of benevolent construction. Differences from the prevailing law The general rule in Milroy is that settlor must have done everything necessary to be done to transfer the property. If settler has not done everything necessary to effect transfer, the court/ equity will not construe a failed gift/transfer as a declaration of trust. The rule has been applied strictly in cases such as Richards (1874)[12] and Re Fry (1946). The strict application of the rule in Milroy had been relaxed in the cases of Re Rose (1952), Mascall (1984) and the recent case of Choithram (2001)[13]. In Re Rose, the court relaxed the strict rule and held that it was not necessary that the donor should have done all that it was necessary to be done to complete the gift. It was sufficient if the donor had done everything in his power to transfer title to the trustee, even there was short of registration of the transfer. Therefore in Re Rose, trust constituted if donor does everything in his power to divest himself of the trust property and transfer of legal title fails for another reason. The doctrine in Re Rose has been followed in Mascall (1984)[14]. But the execution of the document of assignment by the donor and the actual delivery of the form/ document of the assignment to the transferee were still the essential requirements. In Trustee of the Property of Pehrsson v von Greyerz (1999), the transfer is failed due to the lack of actual delivery of the transfer. In Choithram (2001), the court had further relaxed the strict rule in Milroy. The judge held that although equity will not assist a volunteer, it will not strive officiously to defeat a gift[15] This case introduced the idea of unconscionability as discussed above in para.5. In the decision in Pennington contravened the decision in Milroy that equity will not assist a volunteer. In this case, Harold did not give any consideration except he agreed to become a director. It also contravened the doctrine in Re Rose. Ada didnt deliver the transfer form to Harold, it contravened to the requirement of actual delivery in Re Rose. The adoption of the principle of benevolent principle contravened to the decision in Milroy, that court will not give a benevolent construction so as to treat ineffective words of outright gift as taking effect as if the donor had declared himself a trustee for the donee[16] The judgment of ClarkeLJ, that Ada had executed a valid transfer of the equitable title with the result that Ada had retained the legal title as trustee, it contravened the decision in Choithram. Since Choithram required the donor to declare himself to be one of the initial trustees and Ada didnt declared herself as trustee in this case. Whether the decision was correct I think that the decision in Pennington is not correct. Although if the court held that the transfer of share was ineffective, it would be unfair / unconscionable to both Harold and Ada since both parties did have the intention of completing the transfer. Certainty in law must be strictly respected and it should be the first priority. Judges should follow Milroy and Re Rose strictly. I think that the lack of actual delivery of the transfer form is fatal in this case. Since I agreed that the actual delivery is the strongest evidence in showing the intention of transferring the beneficial interest. And this evidence was absent in this case. It is also incorrect for ArdenLJ to construct that Pennington was the agent for Harold only by the words This requires no action on your part in the letter that Pennington had written to Harold. It was only an assumption by ArdenLJ. There was no evidence that neither Ada nor Harold intended to appoint him as an agent. Moreover, the unconscionability test set out by ArdenLJ should not be satisfied either. It is because detrimental reliance is always the central element in the idea of unconscionability. Harold didnt show detrimental reliance. Harold only signed the form and accepted to become a director. He had neither financial contribution nor any change in his position that could constitute to a detrimental reliance. The decision in Pennington do not left the law in a reasonable situation. Since after Pennington, unconscionability and the principle of benevolent construction were introduced. ArdenLJ did not give any guideline/ requirement of the unconscionabilty test. That means that the unconscionability test would give the court a wide discretion in allowing equity to perfect a transfer. It would cause flood gate in this area of law, since every parties will use the idea of unconscionability in arguing their cases. The amount of law suits in this area of law will definitely be increased. Moreover, it is unclear that when the court could adopt the principle of benevolent construction and also where the construction should applied. ArdenLJ did not give any direction /guideline in this area. The well established formula in this area of law that developed in cases such as Milroy and Re Rose have been totally broken by these two innovative ideas of unconscionability and principle of benevolent construction. Practical implication This case has a greater practical implication on individuals. Individuals usually do not have specific legal knowledge on the transfer of a gift. Therefore individuals would easily miss some critical requirement such as actual delivery. After Pennington, lack of delivery it is not fatal. Since individuals can argue that in the specific circumstances, it is unconscionable for the donor to resile. Then it is the courts interpretation on whether the unconscionability test is satisfied in the circumstances that the individual encountered. The practical implication in business is that it is more difficult to ascertain the real legal requirement in the constitution of a valid transfer. Before Pennington, businessman can rely on the rule set out in Milroy and Re Rose to ascertain legal certainty. After Pennington, it becomes difficult for a businessman to interpret the meaning of unconscionability. Certainty in law is essential to give confident to businessman in doing economic activities. Precaution should be made due to the uncertainty in law. The implication on legal advisers is that flood gate situation would likely to occur. Lawyers can rely on unconscionability to bring legal action for their clients, and the amount of law suits will increase dramatically. Application in later UK case In a later UK case, Jordan v Roberts (2009) in Chancery Division, the concept of unconscionablity/ inequity that used in Pennington have been adopted by the Judge George.Bompas.Q.C. The fact was that the donor(B) wished the first defendant (D1) to hold 51% of shares and therefore transferred his shares to D1. The legal issue was whether the donor(B) has successfully transferred his shares to D1[17] . In any event, the relevant shares could not simply have been transferred to D1. It required an instrument of transfer, but donor failed to do so. It was similar to that of Pennington. The Judge citied Pennington v Waine in perfecting the transfer and held that it would be inequitable for the donor (B) to resile. Conclusion The concept of the unconscionability and the benevolent Principles of construction might give the court a greater discretion to apply justice depending on the special circumstances on each particular case. Nevertheless, certainty in law is the most fundamental issue in common law legal system. In my opinion, the decision in Pennington disrupted the legal certainty and left the law in this area in a doubtful and non-predicable manner. Ian Hunter, Equity and Trust: The Constitution of a trust, Case Comment, Coventry Law Journal 2002 John Mc Ghee 2003 Ian Hunter, Equity and Trust: The Constitution of a trust, Case Comment, Coventry Law Journal 2002 Judith Morris, Question: When is an invalid gift a valid gift? When is an incompletely constituted trust a completely constituted trust? Answer: After the decisions in Choithram and Pennington, Private Client Business Article 2003 Para. 52 of the judgment in Pennington v Waine (No.1) [2002] EWCA Civ 227; [2002] 1 W.L.R. 2075 (CA (Civ Div)) Para. 60 of the judgment in Pennington v Waine (No.1) [2002] EWCA Civ 227; [2002] 1 W.L.R. 2075 (CA (Civ Div)) Ian Hunter, Equity and Trust: The Constitution of a trust, Case Comment, Coventry Law Journal 2002 Para. 67 of the judgment in Pennington v Waine (No.1) [2002] EWCA Civ 227; [2002] 1 W.L.R. 2075 (CA (Civ Div)) John Mc Ghee 2003 Ian Hunter, Equity and Trust: The Constitution of a trust, Case Comment, Coventry Law Journal 2002 Para. 60 of the judgment in Pennington v Waine (No.1) [2002] EWCA Civ 227; [2002] 1 W.L.R. 2075 (CA (Civ Div)) Richards v Delbridge (1874) LR 18 Eq II Mascall v Mascall (1984) CA Judith Morris, Question: When is an invalid gift a valid gift? When is an incompletely constituted trust a completely constituted trust? Answer: After the decisions in Choithram and Pennington, Private Client Business Article 2003 Para. 60 of the judgment in Pennington v Waine (No.1) [2002] EWCA Civ 227; [2002] 1 W.L.R. 2075 (CA (Civ Div)) Jordan v Roberts [2009], EWHC 2313

Differences Between Men and Women Essay -- Compare Contrast Gender Ess

Anytime anyone is about to have a baby the first question is "Is it a boy or a girl?" People ask this question because there is a difference between the two genders. Several are curious to know whether the baby will turn out to be a sweet young lady or a strong young man. Even as children, the distinctions are obvious and stand apart. A young girl may ask a boy "What's that?" A young boy may ask a girl "Where's yours?" This is their first step towards self discovery. Everyone knows there is a difference but no one ever stops to see how many there truly are. There are numerous reasons why someone has become the gender they are, which is why the two appear different. Various people have been in the fight for equality over the years, they argue that even though we are all so different we can all be treated in the same way. In spite of the need for equality among men and women, there are still many differences, such as, body image, mate selection, sexuality, and ste reotypes. In selecting a mate, women look at different attractions than a man would. According to Rachel Herz, women are greatly attracted to the way a man smells and is typically one of the first things a woman looks for when selecting a mate. As a first impression, women want to be put into a daze or mesmerized by the individual they have come into contact with. Gender is not the only factor that a woman looks for when selecting a mate. Many women go deeper and search for things, such as, race, ethnicity, age, and good providers (Our Bodies 186). These affect many women by the importance they bring to a relationship. Typically women are looking for someone that they can spend their lives with, therefore they look for the qualit... ...each gender; it all depends on how those viewpoints are used that determine the kind of person that is developed. Works Cited Eagly, Alice H. Social Role Theory of Sex Differences and Similarities. San Diego, California: London, 2001. Herz, Rachel. "Sex Differences in Response to Physical and Social Factors Involved in Human Mate Selection: The Importance of Smell for Women." Evolution and Human Behavior 23 (2002): 359-64. <http://ucolk2.olk.uc.edu/search/i10905138/i1090+5138/1,1,2,B/frameset&FF=i1090+ 5138&1,,2>. Our Bodies, Ourselves for the New Century: A Book by and for Women. New York: Simon and Shuster, 1998. Sherman, Julia A. Ph.D. On the Psychology of Women: A Survey of Empirical Studies. Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, 1971. Williams, Juanita H. Psychology of Women: Behavior in a Biosocial Context. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1974.